Harmonics | Introduction, Generation, and Non – Characteristics
Introduction HVDC converters introduce both AC and DC harmonics which are injected into the AC system and DC line respectively. There are several problems associated with the injection of harmonics…
Reactive Power Control | Requirement, Sources, and Transients
Introduction The converters in conventional HVDC power stations are line-commutated, which implies that the current initiation in the valve can only be delayed concerning the zero crossing of the converter…
Smoothing Reactor and DC Line | Transient overvoltages, Protection, and Effects
Introduction The smoothing reactor is connected before the DC filter and in series with the converters. Apart from smoothing the direct current, it also serves as a buffer between the…
DC Breakers | Characteristics, Types, and Applications
Introduction The development of HVDC circuit breakers has been underway for some time in the late eighties, and a 500 kV breaker with current interrupting capability up to 4000A, has…
Comparators | Definition, Types of Comparators
Introduction A relay detects the change between normal and abnormal conditions by comparing two electrical vector quantities, both of which are derived from the system voltages and currents at a…
Static Relays I Basis, Classification, and Components
Introduction A static protective relay refers to a relay in which the measurement or comparison of electrical quantities is done in a static network which is designed to give an…
Static Relay | Components, Working, Types, and Applications
Introduction The solid-state relay, also known as a static relay, was introduced back in 1960. Unlike traditional relays, it doesn't have any moving parts. This makes it more durable and…
What is PLC | Building Block of PLC and their Functions
Concept of PLC A programmable logic controller (PLC) is a microprocessor-based specialist computer built to work in loud industrial conditions. It can perform a variety of control functions and is…
Amplifier | Classification of Amplifier
Amplifier A power amplifier may be defined as a device that converts DC power into AC power and whose action is controlled by the input signal. Amplifiers can be classified…
Instrument Transformer | Introduction, Types, and Need
Introduction Instrument transformers are like magic glasses for electrical systems. They help us measure things like voltage and current accurately, even though these things can be super high and tricky…
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