Load Flow Studies | Types, Challenges and Techniques
Load Flow Studies Load flow studies are crucial for system planning and operation. They help assess system performance and operations under specific conditions. Power systems are complex and have nonlinear…
Interphase Power Controller | Improvement and Applications
Introduction The installation of the world’s first Interphase Power Controller (IPC) at the New York Power Authority (NYPA) Plattsburgh substation on the 115 kV tie that interconnects the NYPA and…
TCSC | Operation, Analysis, and Control
TCSC A Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) is a series FACTS device used as a capacitive reactance compensator. It offers effective solutions because the thyristor allows flexible control. The TCSC…
Static Phase Shifting Transformer | Configurations and Improvement
Introduction Static Phase Shifting Transformer or Phase-shifting transformers (PST) have been in use since the 1930s for control of power flows in transmission lines in a steady state. The primary…
Harmonics | General, Interactions, and Filters
General The harmonics in an SVC are generated by the TCR. Neither TSC nor TSR (Thyristor-Switched Reactor) generate harmonics. The current harmonics generated by TCR can be classified into two…
Ultrasonic Flow Meter | Principle Operation, Working, and Installation
Introduction An Ultrasonic Flow Meter measures the flow of liquid without touching it, using sound waves. It works well with dirty or bubbly liquids like wastewater. It doesn’t work well…
Vortex Flow Meter | Design, Working Principle, Accuracy and Rangeability
Vortex Flow Meter Vortex Flow Meter is a device used to measure the flow of liquids by harnessing the natural formation of vortices (or eddies) when liquid flows around a…
Load Dispatch Center | Types, Function, and Objective
Introduction All power plants are linked through a grid in an interconnected power system. The Load Dispatch Centre (LDC) manages these plants to ensure efficient operation. It coordinates, plans, controls,…
Electromagnetic Flow Meter | Construction, Working Principle, and Limitations
Introduction A magnetic flow meter, also known as a mag meter or electromagnetic flow meter, measures the flow of a fluid by using the voltage generated as the fluid moves…
Electronic Flow Meter | Working Principle, Types, and Advantages
An electronic flow meter measures the flow of liquids and gases in industries. Common types include electromagnetic, vortex and ultrasonic flow meters. They can measure things like water, gasoline, and…